Всеобщая история

Based on the analysis of the preservedmaterials of the judicial and investigative cases the article examines the state of crime in Munster in XVII century. The author analyzes the structure of crime depending on the prevalence of acts in judicial practice, and also examines the socioprofessional composition of criminals.

The article examines the early history of the Bohemian city of Hradec Kralove, traces the origins of its medieval development, and identifies the features of the historical path traversed by the city in the 13th – 14th centuries. The causes and consequences of the transformation of Hradec Kralove into the residence of the dowager queens of the Bohemia are determined.

The article examines the problem of the development of mendicant orders in Central Europe, mainly in Croatia, Slavonia and Bosnia. The author suggests that the activities of the mendicant orders in the 13th century became one of the most impressive achievements of the Roman Papacy in the Middle Ages. In particular, the Franciscans were able not only to adapt to living conditions in different regions of Italy, but also rapidly established their presence throughout Europe and then beyond.

The article examines the place of aliens in the economy and society of 14th-century London. Based on a wide range of sources and research literature, the author identifies the main groups of foreign trading partners of the English capital and the attitude of municipal society towards them, traces the history of the City’s struggle to maintain its privileges in relations with aliens in the 14th century, and characterizes the changes in the economic situation against the backdrop of the developing confrontation.

The article presents and analyzes information from letters of missionaries of the Franciscan Order Guillaume de Rubruk, Giovanni Montecorvino and Monk Johanka, as well as notes and treatises of a missionary from the Dominican Order Ricoldo da Montecroce, about Nestorians in the Genghisid states. The author comes to the conclusion about the value of the works of these authors as sources on the history of Nestorianism, which contain data on the doctrine and religious practice of the followers of East Syrian Christianity and their relations with Catholic missionaries.

The article examines the image of the king of Great Armenia Tigran II the Great in the work of the “Father of Armenian historiography” Movses Khorenatsi “History of Armenia”. When writing the chapters dedicated to Tigran II, Movses relied primarily on the writings of Josephus, as well as two “Chronicles” – Julius Africanus and Eusebius of Caesarea. At the same time, he filled in the lack of information with the help of legendary material and fictitious details.

The article is devoted to the activities of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, one of the most noble Romans of the late Republic, who played a significant role in the events of the civil war of 49–45 B. C. The aspect of biography connected with testamentary adoption, the legal force of which is disputed in historiography, is analysed separately. Further the political career of Metellus Scipio is considered, in particular, the positions held and rapprochement with Gn. Pompey Magnus.

The article examines the relationship between France and Hamburg in the early 19th century, the experience of E. Mortier’s first occupation of the free city-state, as well as methods of circumventing the continental blockade regime of Napoleon Bonaparte by Hamburg residents. The conclusion is made about the natural flourishing of smuggling among the poor of Hamburg against the background of the ruinous policy of Napoleonic Paris in relation to the free city-state.

The article, using materials from official government documents, as well as the American and British press and political journalism, analyzes the process of gradual change in the mood of Virginian society in the mid-18th century. It is shown that the process of formation of the political identity of the Virginian population was largely caused by changes in the nature of the relationship between the colony and the metropolis after the end of the French and Indian War of 1754–1763.

The article analyzes the main aspects of the historical and philosophical concept of I. A. Fessler. His views on the position of historical science in relation to other types of knowledge and forms of spiritual culture, the problematic of historical fact and truth, the concept of reliability and plausibility, the nature of knowledge, the driving forces of the historical process, the profession of a historian, the relationship between the author and the reader are considered.