Всеобщая история

The article examines the place of aliens in the economy and society of 14th-century London. Based on a wide range of sources and research literature, the author identifies the main groups of foreign trading partners of the English capital and the attitude of municipal society towards them, traces the history of the City’s struggle to maintain its privileges in relations with aliens in the 14th century, and characterizes the changes in the economic situation against the backdrop of the developing confrontation.

The article presents and analyzes information from letters of missionaries of the Franciscan Order Guillaume de Rubruk, Giovanni Montecorvino and Monk Johanka, as well as notes and treatises of a missionary from the Dominican Order Ricoldo da Montecroce, about Nestorians in the Genghisid states. The author comes to the conclusion about the value of the works of these authors as sources on the history of Nestorianism, which contain data on the doctrine and religious practice of the followers of East Syrian Christianity and their relations with Catholic missionaries.

The article examines the image of the king of Great Armenia Tigran II the Great in the work of the “Father of Armenian historiography” Movses Khorenatsi “History of Armenia”. When writing the chapters dedicated to Tigran II, Movses relied primarily on the writings of Josephus, as well as two “Chronicles” – Julius Africanus and Eusebius of Caesarea. At the same time, he filled in the lack of information with the help of legendary material and fictitious details.

The article is devoted to the activities of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, one of the most noble Romans of the late Republic, who played a significant role in the events of the civil war of 49–45 B. C. The aspect of biography connected with testamentary adoption, the legal force of which is disputed in historiography, is analysed separately. Further the political career of Metellus Scipio is considered, in particular, the positions held and rapprochement with Gn. Pompey Magnus.

The article examines the relationship between France and Hamburg in the early 19th century, the experience of E. Mortier’s first occupation of the free city-state, as well as methods of circumventing the continental blockade regime of Napoleon Bonaparte by Hamburg residents. The conclusion is made about the natural flourishing of smuggling among the poor of Hamburg against the background of the ruinous policy of Napoleonic Paris in relation to the free city-state.

The article, using materials from official government documents, as well as the American and British press and political journalism, analyzes the process of gradual change in the mood of Virginian society in the mid-18th century. It is shown that the process of formation of the political identity of the Virginian population was largely caused by changes in the nature of the relationship between the colony and the metropolis after the end of the French and Indian War of 1754–1763.

The article analyzes the main aspects of the historical and philosophical concept of I. A. Fessler. His views on the position of historical science in relation to other types of knowledge and forms of spiritual culture, the problematic of historical fact and truth, the concept of reliability and plausibility, the nature of knowledge, the driving forces of the historical process, the profession of a historian, the relationship between the author and the reader are considered.

The article shows the development of the idea and institution of standing army in Great Britain of the Stuart age. On the example of English militarization the process of formation of the military-fiscal state in the British Isles is shown. The main political event that led to the creation of a regular army was the Civil War. The navy was spawned by the confrontation with the United Provinces and France. It is concluded that the process of militarization of seventeenth-century England was an important part of state policy, both of the Crown and of its opponents.

The article is devoted to the problem of the marriage policy of the French royal house in the first quarter of the 16th century. The author identifies the political and dynastic reasons for the conclusion of princely marriages, the motives for choosing a marriage strategy.

The article examines how Anglo-Norman chroniclers of the first half of the 12th century wrote about condemned male and female behavior. The subject of study is the works of the most significant historians of the era – William of Malmesbury, John of Worcester, Henry of Huntingdon and Orderic Vitalis.