Всеобщая история

The following article examines functioning of Saratov’s city electoral system in 1871–1892. On the base of many sources (including archive sources) author systematized data about number of voters and their voting, described the organization and particulars of election. An important part of the study is analysis of Saratov city duma’s social structure and enumerating of people who have been elected for many times. The author’s conclusions are connecting with objective reasons of reform of city electoral system in 1892.

The article analyzes the demographic transition in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China in the context of global patterns and national specifics. Based on statistical data and scientific research, the key stages and features of this process in a region with a high proportion of ethnic minorities are considered. The paper examines a set of factors that determined this specificity: demographic changes, accelerated socioeconomic progress, and the evolution of national demographic policy. The study concludes that the current trends are ambivalent.

This article analyzes the transformation of Turkey’s national policy regarding the development of its defense industry, set against the backdrop of a fundamental reassessment of security approaches following the attempted coup d’état on July 15, 2016. The research examines the economic dilemmas of defense industry development, including finding the optimal level of defense spending and analyzing the dual impact of the defense sector on Turkey’s economy.

This article describes the events of the 1973 Chilean coup and its aftermath, presenting a brief chronology. It focuses on the role of the United States in organizing the coup. The analysis is based on recently declassified American documents, providing a comprehensive picture of American intervention in Chilean affairs. The study examines in detail the extent and nature of US involvement, using new historical sources for a more accurate and objective analysis of the events.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of John F. Kennedy in the development and formation of the American Agency for International Development in the early period of his presidency. The main focus is on Kennedy’s ideological approaches to the problem of the place of the Third World countries in the plans for building a global economy, as well as his ideas and legislative activity regarding the formation of AID as the main instrument of globalization.

The article examines the views of historians of the late XIX and early XX centuries on the democratization of the British electoral system through three parliamentary reforms in 1832, 1867 and 1884. It is concluded that these reforms were considered by representatives of the “Russian historical school” in the context of the general political development of the country, without deep analysis.

This paper examinesthe practice of veneratingthe Prophet of Islam, a practicewidespread among Sufis of variousmystical brotherhoods in late medieval Transoxiana. This practice has a long history in Sufism. It is shown that, drawing on hadith literature, Sufis sought to emulate the Prophet in their daily lives or to align their actions with his. It concludes that, through their acts of veneration, Muslim mystics not only expressed unquestioning respect for the Prophet, but also sought to refine and renew their piety and holiness.