Всеобщая история и международные отношения

Slovak cities at the end of the XIV- first half of the XV century were actively developing and getting richer. Their situation was caused by a number of complex interrelated reasons. An important role here was played by international trade with the Czech Kingdom, the Polish Kingdom and other countries, mining and the support of the king in the struggle for city rights. At the same time, the kings did not stop exploiting the cities and sought benefits for themselves in supporting the communal struggle. German immigrants had an ambiguous influence on urban life.

This article covers the political events that took place in the Czech Kingdom in the period from 1278 to 1283, which is known as the “Evil Years” by the national historical science of the Czech Republic. The main topic of this study is the difficult accession to the throne of Wenceslas II, due to his early childhood, who became a victim of political intrigues of both his own courtiers and external forces.

The article focuses on the specifics of king’s wife position in England in the second half of the 10th century on the example of queen Aelfthryth. The research is based on the wide range of historical evidence dating back to Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman times. Aelfthryth was the first among Late Saxon queens, who were crowned and anointed. In the reign of her husband and son she enjoyed great power at court and showed high level of public activity. Aelfthryth was very likely involved in the conspiracy that resulted in the death of her stepson Edward the Saint.

This article is devoted to highlighting the international problems of the initial period of World War II that arose around the status of Gibraltar and the Canary Islands. Spain maintained military-political neutrality in the war. The countries participating in the armed conflict (USA, Great Britain, Nazi Germany) tried to use the territories belonging to Spain to their advantage. In 1941–1942 the British leadership developed several options for subordinating the Canary Islands to the UK. The article deals with operations Bugler, Chatney, Puma and Pilgrim.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the representation of the image of Cu Сhulainn in the Irish historical memory in the Gaelic revival. The author reveals the image of a mythical character from the Ulster cycle. The researcher revealed the meaning of the hero in the works of W. B. Yeats. Cu Сhulainn became a national hero and became a symbol of Irish identity. And the legends served as an ideological basis for the development of nationalism and the struggle of the Irish for the independence of the country.

This article considers one of the most significant events in African–American history – the Charleston slave Conspiracy of 1822. The author focuses on the causes and prerequisites of this phenomenon, which are divided into 5 groups (political, socio-cultural, socio-economic, demographic and personal motives). Subjecting each of them to a critical analysis, he comes to the conclusion that it is impossible to attribute the Denmark Vesey conspiracy to typical slave uprisings.

The author suggests that since Jerusalem has become one of the model cities for European consciousness (along with Rome and partly Athens), its legacy manifests itself in the invariable correlation of the systems created by politicians and their cultural protégés with those described in the Old and New Testaments. The model archetypal state was compared not only with Caesar’s Rome and the power of Alexander the Great, but primarily with the Israel of David and Solomon, despite its fragility.

The article examines the circumstances of emigration of children from Great Britain in the XIX–ХХ centuries based on the material of the sources. It is proved that the resettlement was caused by the pauperization of the urban population in the conditions of industrialization. In Canada, minors could be adopted or work on farms, as servants, receiving maintenance and wages. The children had to go to school. It was a prerequisite.