Всеобщая история и международные отношения

The article analyzes the conjugation between the Eurasian Economic Union and China’s Belt and Road Initiative in terms of political and legal cooperation. It examines the evolution of the partnership from initial arrangements to the development of specific conjugation mechanisms. The study focuses on key stages of cooperation: from political declarations to the formation of concrete conjugation frameworks. Particular attention is paid to differences in the parties’ approaches, harmonization of regulatory frameworks, and practical implementation results.

The article considers the health policy priorities of Anthony Blair’s first Labour government in the UK. It is shown that the social and economic policy of neo-conservatives led to crisis phenomena in the health care system; the creation of an internal market in the field of the National Health Service has caused numerous problems. The Labour Party, which was undergoing a transformation in the late 1980s, was looking for approaches to reform the health service.

The article is devoted to the problem of searching for “places of memory”, variants of national self-identity in the English culture of the Enlightenment era. It is shown that the long-term Anglo-French political rivalry prevented the use of the experience of continental neighbors in art, and the long-standing tradition of the historical genre, representing timeless eternal ethical values, has almost exhausted itself.

The article is devoted to the issues of formation and evolution of early Freemasonry ideology in England. The main attention is paid to the utopian works of T. More and F. Bacon, who influenced the London Freemasons movement, the authors of the book of Masonic Constitutions.

The article examines historical studies devoted to the activities of the Golden Horde Khan Özbek in relation to the Russian principalities. This khan is noted for the fact that during his reign active interference in the affairs of the Russian principality began and the beginning of the rise of Moscow is associated with the name of this khan. Based on the analysis conducted, the degree of study of this topic by English-speaking historians and also the range of issues, that are at the center of their attention, are determined.