Всеобщая история и международные отношения

The bacon’s interpretation of the Six Days of Creation myth is considered in this article. It shows the limitation of the knowledge- based progress idea. The bacon’s interpretation testifies that it is on«the fourth day» when the abstract reason framework is completed.«The fifth day» brings humans back to the aesthetic world perceptionwhile «the sixth day» unfolds the secret of human race destiny inhistorical experience. According to this principle universal history ofSpirit was developed by bacon adherents.

The paper deals with a problem of reception of medieval French literature during the Renaissance in France. The auther claimes the thesis of formation of two points of view with that matter. The critical one formed by theoriciens of «Pleiade», and evolutional by humanist and Ronsard’s friend E. Pasquier. The late proposed the concept of unity of medieval and Renaissance French literature as well as unity of literature of langu’d’oil and langue d’oc and stating the influence of oxitaine literature on the genesis of early Renaissance Italian poesy.

The article analyses the maintenance of neutrality by Spain as well as its partners belonging to opposing sides. The article touches upon the issues of alterations in the economic situation and consequences of the facilitation of Spanish international trade in WWI. The author focuses on the development of the country's foreign policy and the cases when Spain infracted the neutrality during 1914-1918

The article defines the major points of Russian foreign policy in Europe in 1920s. Author analyses relations between USSR and European countries during the period of temporary balance in the mechanism of decision making due to the pressure on Stalin and his supporters by the opposition inside the Communist Party.

The article discusses the phenomenon of political success of the dutch extreme right party – «Party of Freedom» Author makes an analysis of the political activity of the party leader – Gert Wilders. Discusses the role of the «Party of Freedom» in the political system of Netherlands.

Given article is devoted to the study of the U. S. Agency for International Development in the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union during the 1990s in the context of the geopolitical interests of the United States in the region.

The article is devoted to one of the episodes in the history of the development of Turkey periodicals – history of the first steps of the francophone newspaper «Le Courrier de Smyrne». It was published since 1828, by the French citizen who lived in Smyrna, Alexander Blacque. The article describes one of the brightest episodes of the information war on the Turkish side at the final stage of the war of Greek independence.

SCO actions in Central Asia (CA) are often become criticized by NATO and its loyal states. The key reasons for that are named to be the military trainings run by SCO and its close ties with Iran as it is a non-official member there or one of the SCO’s observers. The article offers various opinions both amiable and critical with regard to SCO expressed by the world community. The next part of the article describes the US policy for basing its troops in the region and a general situation regarding Pentagon’s military bases located in the CA and Pakistan.

This paper considers some aspects of history of the ager Campanus in the Gracchan period. On the basis of re-examination of our literary and epigraphic sources author analyzes the policy of the Gracchi concerning this part of Roman public land. His conclusion is that the ager Campanus enjoed immunity from any land distribution until Caesar his agrarian reform. 

The paper focuses on the repertory of the Czech book printing in its early period (1468–1620). The author reveals the place that wasoccupied by the works of European humanists; ad also traces their influence on the spiritual life of the Czech.