Отечественная история

The article attempts to refute the widespread opinion in historiography that the form of organization of the USSR, consisting of ethnoterritorial formations of different status, was one of the main factors in the collapse of a single state. It is argued that the idea of federalization of Russia did not belong to the Bolsheviks, but to national parties and movements that demanded recognition of their right to national-territorial autonomy.

Using the example of Donetsk (Stalino) universities (pedagogical, industrial and medical institutes), the article examines the system of organizing students’ industrial practice and the specifics of its implementation in 1953–1964. The changes that occur in this type of training of specialists of various profiles after the introduction of the Law “On strengthening the connection of schools with life and the further development of the national education system in the country”, adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on December 24, 1958, are highlighted.

The article analyzesthe activities ofthe Suzdal, Vladimir and Kirzhach prison camps ofthe Directorate for Prisoners of War and Internees (UPVI) – the Main Directorate for Prisoners of War and Internees (GUPVI) of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), special hospital No. 2989 and separate working battalions No. 340 and 413 of the Ministry of the Armed Forces (MVS) of the USSR, operating on Vladimir land in 1940–1949. The categories and national composition of prisoners of war are traced.

The article examines the activities of local gendarme bodies of the Privislinsky Territory of the Russian Empire in the 1870–1890s. Listed are some police and political measures subsequently adopted by the executive authorities in ensuring state and public security on the western outskirts of the empire. It is noted that the activities of the local gendarmerie became an integral part of the measures of the tsarist government to ensure state and public security, carried out in conjunction with other law enforcement structures of the empire.

This article focuses on the condition of Russian economy before crisis and the point of elite policy. Anti-crisis measures are discussed and also are defined on opportunity to get over of rough dependence.

In article is considered the problem of an origin and evolution of police provocation in political system of Russia on boundary XIX–XX centuries. On the basis of the analysis of materials of Extraordinary Committee of investigation of Temporary Government (ECI), conclusions and the positions containing in the report of chairman ECI at the first All-Russia congress of Advice is considered, etc.

The article is devoted to the history of formation of medical microbiology in Tsarist Russia. Since 1885 the first enthusiasts of «germ theory» in Russia with supporting of science patrons began to develop it in Odessa and St. Petersburg. The particular international type of scientific culture, which was embodied in the activity of bacteriological laboratories, is formed, but it had the local peculiarities. The microorganisms’ investigations in Russia at the end of 1880s were far from the interests of physicians.

Clause is devoted to analysis of the various points of view on necessity of war with Turkey, and also critical estimations of Russian army and readness of Russia for operations. The author consides positions of various representatives of Russian society – historians D.I. Ilovajskogo, M.P. Dragomanova; the representative of high society of prince V.P. Meshcherskogo.