Russian History

The Revolution of 1917 in the Cultural Life of the Bashkiria and Orenburg Region in the Period of «Thaw»

This article discusses how in the period of «thaw» in the southern Urals in the Orenburg region and the Bashkiria the theme of the revolution of 1917 is risen in the cultural life. Through the analysis of the media a tendency of the Soviet government towards cinematic coverage of the events of the Great October is revealed. It is established that the appeal to these events in the 50s–60s of the last century were not accidental – a new society needed a «hero of the time». Culture and cinema, in particular, contributed to more «cultu ral» consciousness of the Soviet citizens.

Accelerated Modernization of the “Nomadic” Regions of the USSR: Goals and Objectives (on the Turn of the 1920s and 1930s)

Authors: Sinitsyn F. L.

At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s, the modernization program in the USSR took an accelerated character. In the “nomadic” regions of the country, it took the form of sedentarizing nomads along with collectivization. The completion of these processes, according to the authorities, was to solve not only the problems of modernization of the country, but also the problems associated with the presence of a “nomadic civilization” in the USSR, which was not controlled by the state and was unyielding to Sovietization.

Religion and Soviet Society in the Works of American Observers of the 1930s

Authors: Khristenko D. N.

The article is devoted to the analysis of American observers’ views on the status of religion in the Soviet society in the 1930s. There were two different groups among them: engineers and workers who came to participate in the industrialization of the USSR, and professional journalists from the United States. Perceiving the socio-political processes that took place in our counrty often in different ways, the American observers agreed on one position.

“European Ideological Path has been Passed over…” (Eurasian Stance of Nickolay Trubetskoy

Authors: Mitrokhin V. A.

The article considers public and political stance of one of the respected thought leaders within the Russian “first wave” emigration, a front man of the Eurasian community, duke Nickolay Sergeevich Trubetskoy. His attitude to the key issues of state-building formed under the influence of radical societal transformation in Russia has been analyzed on the basis of different sources.

The First Cooperative Congresses in Pre-revolutionary Russia and the Reaction of the Authorities to their Oganization (1908–1913)

Authors: Konovalov I. N.

The results of the work of the first Russian cooperative congresses, their composition and size are investigated. The decisions of the congresses, which determined the direction of development of agricultural, credit, consumer, industrial, creamery and processing cooperatives, are analyzed for many years to come. Special attention in the article is paid to the reaction of the authorities to their organization and to identifying the reasons for participation in political parties in cooperative congresses.

Experiments of Internal Affairs Ministry of Russia in the Sphere of Local Government: the Late 1850s – Early 1860s

Authors: Morozova E. N.

The paper regards the experiments of Russian Internal Affairs Ministry conducted alongside with drafting bills on local management of gubernia and uezd institutions supervised by N. A. Milyutrin. The author is a pioneer in introducing the archive materials which prove that General Governor Prince I. I. Vasil’chikov, being in charge of the reforms in Kiev Gubernia, acted in accordance with the directions of Internal Affairs Ministry.

«To Pacify the Land Subject to Us»: the Views of I. A. Arsenyev on the Polish Question in the early 1860s in the Context of the National Policy of the Russian Empire

Authors: Zavyalova O. O.

Based on a wide range of sources and archival materials the article analyzes the position of the Russian publisher and publicist I. A. Arsenyev on the Polish issue on the eve of the Polish Uprising of 1863–1864. Arsenyev, seconded to Warsaw in 1861 to compile correspondences, was a journalist of a new format. He not only objectively recorded the events that contributed to the escalation of the Russian-Polish conflict, but after analyzing them, outlined his vision of the problem in a special note, which aroused interest in the highest government circles.

Some Aspects of Pre-revolutionary Historiography of Educational Policy of Peter I

Authors: Pozdnyakov A. N.

The role of Peter I in the development of Russia, including the field of education, is huge. This is recognized by all researchers. However, assessing the personality of the Converter and the results of his activities have always had deep differences. The most heated discussions took place in the XIX century. They were held by both loyal supporters and active opponents of Peter. The leading place was taken by researchers who through serious academic analysis tried to give an objective assessment of the policy implemented by the Emperor.

Educational Institutions of the System of Labor Reserves: Methods and Results of Solving Personnel Problems of the Soviet Industry in the Postwar Years

Authors: Klinova M. A.

The article deals with the problem of functioning in the post war period of educational institutions of the system of labor reserves-schools of the Federal district, vocational and railway schools. The goals, methods and results of these institutions are outlined. There are marked deformities in the functioning of the system associated with the use of methods of coercion against mobilized, as well as unsatisfactory material and living conditions provided to students. The causes and vectors of reforming the system of labor reserves in the late 1940s-early 1950s are identified.

Some Pages of the Biography of N. M. Druzhinin: the Personality of the Historian

Authors: Zhiboedov V. V.

The article is devoted to the study of little-known facts of the biography of the famous Soviet historian – Nikolai Mikhailovich Druzhinin. On the basis of unpublished archival materials, memoirs and diaries of the scientist, new pages in the biography of Druzhinin, which cover the period from 1886 to 1904 are presented. Family relationships, education, lifestyle – all this formed the inner world, the features of the personality of Druzhinin. For researchers of academic activity of the historian such facts are necessary for understanding formation of Druzhinin as а scientist.