Отечественная история

The article analyzes statistical data, closed for many decades to the average user, on the budgets of families of peasant farmers in 1958–1964. Analyzing these materials, it can be concluded that the situation of the collective farm peasantry of the USSR has not undergone significant changes. Monetary incomes increased slightly, while income from personal household holdings decreased as a result of government policy restrictions. The consumption of various types of agricultural products had no upward trends.

The main directions (decentralization and centralization) and specific forms of reorganization of agricultural management bodies as an element of the new state agrarian policy in 1953–1964, their practical implementation in the Byelorussian SSR are considered. It is noted that the most significant changes occurred at the district level as the closest to the direct business entities.

The article identifies and analyzes the problems of organizing the educational process in the higher educational institutions of Voroshilovgrad region in 1943–1945. It is noted that, the higher educational institutions of the region were evacuated and began to establish the educational work, which was complicated by the low pace of restoration of the material and technical base, the involvement of students in production and mobilization for various jobs, and the transformation of curricula.

The paper analyzes the projects submitted to the Soviet leadership in 1941 for the establishment of organizations for reporting and investigation of war crimes committed by Hitler’s accomplices in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union.

The article examines the issues of centralized organization of international military formations during the Civil War on the side of Soviet Russia. Based on archival and previously published documents, the main stages of activity of the Military Commission under the Federation of Foreign Groups of the RCP(b) are studied. Special attention is paid to the work of its member A. Hoffmann in Siberia, where the existing situation required a special approach.

The first quarter of the XIX century is the period of the emergence of various literary salons which had a great influence on the spiritual life of Russian society. Famous poets, prose writers, translators and journalists honed their skills there. The paper considers the Friendly Literary Society which formed in Moscow in January 1801. The author comes to the conclusion that it can be considered a prototype of future literary salons.

The article reconstructs the history of the family of the noble family Panchulidzev in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries on the basis of a set of documentary materials and scientific literature. The biography of Sergei Alekseevich Panchulidzev is reconstructed, his role as a zemstvo figure of Saratov province, in the Council of the United Nobility and a researcher of the history of the Russian army is shown.

For the first time, the article examines the noble corporation of Yuriev-Polsky (the socalled “service town”) for almost a century. The main source was the tithes of 1608, thanks to which it was possible to establish which of the Yurievites took part in the Battle of Bolkhovo on April 30 – May 1, 1608. It was found out which events of the XVI–XVII centuries were attended by the service people listed in this list, as well as their ancestors and descendants, what awards they received for their service and how their career growth took place.

The article shows the scale of the problem of tram accidents in early Soviet cities, identifies its causes, proposed and implemented measures to eliminate them, and assesses their effectiveness. The main factors of the disasters were disregard for safety rules, mistakes of the tram drivers, a small number of tram cars and their poor quality. Despite a number of measures taken, the issue of creating a safe urban transport system could not be resolved in the unstable economic and social conditions of the 1920s.