Отечественная история

The first quarter of the XIX century is the period of the emergence of various literary salons which had a great influence on the spiritual life of Russian society. Famous poets, prose writers, translators and journalists honed their skills there. The paper considers the Friendly Literary Society which formed in Moscow in January 1801. The author comes to the conclusion that it can be considered a prototype of future literary salons.

The article reconstructs the history of the family of the noble family Panchulidzev in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries on the basis of a set of documentary materials and scientific literature. The biography of Sergei Alekseevich Panchulidzev is reconstructed, his role as a zemstvo figure of Saratov province, in the Council of the United Nobility and a researcher of the history of the Russian army is shown.

For the first time, the article examines the noble corporation of Yuriev-Polsky (the socalled “service town”) for almost a century. The main source was the tithes of 1608, thanks to which it was possible to establish which of the Yurievites took part in the Battle of Bolkhovo on April 30 – May 1, 1608. It was found out which events of the XVI–XVII centuries were attended by the service people listed in this list, as well as their ancestors and descendants, what awards they received for their service and how their career growth took place.

The article shows the scale of the problem of tram accidents in early Soviet cities, identifies its causes, proposed and implemented measures to eliminate them, and assesses their effectiveness. The main factors of the disasters were disregard for safety rules, mistakes of the tram drivers, a small number of tram cars and their poor quality. Despite a number of measures taken, the issue of creating a safe urban transport system could not be resolved in the unstable economic and social conditions of the 1920s.

The article presents for the first time the biography of Ivan Fedorovich Leontiev, who was the father of one of the governors of Saratov. Brief information about his ancestors is provided. I. F. Leontiev began his service back in the Time of Troubles, as a representative of the Kashirsky “military city”, fought as part of the army of Prince M. V. Skopin-Shuisky. At the court of Tsar Mikhail Romanov, I. F. Leontiev served as a solicitor, a steward and a royal hunter. At the beginning of the Smolensk War, he was a voivode in Yelets.

In the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, the legalist (juridical) press played a prominent role in the Russian liberation movement. Its leading publications professed the principles of legality and law and order. In fact, the term “Order” itself appeared thanks to the newspaper of the same name, and supporters of legalism were called “people of legal order”.

The article is devoted to the formation and activity of military statistical institutions in the Russian Empire in the first half of the XIX century. The ruling circles faced the task of establishing a serious and permanent organization of administrative and military statistics for the best management of the Russian armed forces, which were the backbone of the autocratic regime. In addition, it was necessary to collect comprehensive military statistical data on the country’s capabilities and on the military systems of leading nations.

The little-known history of the counterintelligence department of the 12th Army headquarters is examined through the prism of the activities of two tools for countering espionage – the spy squad and secret employees.

The presented article shows the evolution of ideas about the War of the Polish Succession in Russian historiography, starting with the appearance of the first works on this problem in the XIX century and up to the most recent studies. The author concludes that three stages can be distinguished in the development of the study of this topic: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and postSoviet, each of which is characterized by specific features.