Отечественная история

The article focuses on the important document of Russian political journalism of the era of the revolution and civil confrontation in Russia.

The article examines the policing to prevent and extinguish fires in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries in the Ural provinces. Based on archival documents, materials from periodicals and regulatory legal acts, it demonstrates the place of control over fire safety in the general structure of administrative and supervisory functions of the Ural police.

The article is devoted to the analysis of methodological and source-related difficulties faced by researchers of everyday life of employees of the Soviet military administration in Germany. The main attention is paid to the historiographical prerequisites for addressing this topic, the object of study, the features of various sources and the problem of «searching» for everyday life in them.

The article highlights the relationships between the Soviet state and the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter referred to as the «Russian Orthodox Church») in the late 1920s and early 1930s, during the period of collectivization of the villages, which was accompanied by the destruction of traditional life, a dramatic violation of the usual way of life. The focus is on the policy of attacking the Russian Orthodox Church, expressed in the closure of churches and monasteries, militant atheism and repressive measures against priests.

This article deals with Yuri Roerich’s articles “Tocharian Problem”, “The Memory of Tocharians in Tibet” and his “The History of Central Asia”. Roerich concluded that Tocharians of the Ancient Greek authors were identical to the Yuezhi of the Chinese texts. Moreover, he considered the Kushans to be identical to the Yuezhi-Tocharians. He held the initiative to create the International Commission for the integrated study of the Kushan Empire’s history.

One of the notable personalities during the reign of the Emperor Nicholas I was Abraham Sergeyevich Norov who occupied the post of the Minister of People’s Education from 1853 to 1858. In domestic historical literature the opinion has been rooted that he was a model of a conservative intellectual, a weak-willed person who fell under the influence of other people. The paper attempts to find out how A. S. Norov was treated by professors at Russian universities who often communicated with him and what they thought about him.

The article attempts to give a general overview of the existing points of view in Russian historiography about the personality and state activity of A. I. Osterman. It is concluded that an important role in forming the idea of Osterman was played by political propaganda during the reign of Elizabeth. As a result, in Russian historical literature at all stages of its development, there was a tendency to see this political figure exclusively as an intriguer and adventurer.

The article is devoted to the reflection in historical memory of the introduction of shaving and wearing «German» dresses by Peter I. This measure was aimed at overcoming religious prejudices and instilling a European way of life. It is fixed in the cultural memory of the post-Petrine era as a metaphor for the rebirth of Russia and the image of «Europeanization». Historians, publicists, and writers in their writings combined it with the metaphor «window to Europe» and constructed the image of Peter I, who cuts beards with an axe.

 The article analyzes the work of the Office of the Commissioner of the SNK of the USSR for the repatriation of Soviet citizens, Military councils, headquarters of fronts and armies for the return of Soviet displaced persons on foot in 1944–1945. The central place in the publication is occupied by the analysis of the organization of the mechanism of pedestrian crossings of released Soviet prisoners of war and civilian displaced persons to the western border of the USSR.

The article describes the achievements of scientific schools in the study of cooperation at various stages of its formation and development. First of all, modern centers for the study of the history of Russian cooperation, formed in the 1990s, when the role of cooperation in the development of the country of the pre-revolutionary and NEP periods and up to the present time began to be rethought, are studied. The oldest scientific schools of the history of cooperation deserve special attention: Ivanovo, Siberian, MSPI-MSPU, Saratov, Samara, Petrozavodsk, etc.