Отечественная история

The article is devoted to the analysis of American observers’ views on the status of religion in the Soviet society in the 1930s. There were two different groups among them: engineers and workers who came to participate in the industrialization of the USSR, and professional journalists from the United States. Perceiving the socio-political processes that took place in our counrty often in different ways, the American observers agreed on one position.

At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s, the modernization program in the USSR took an accelerated character. In the “nomadic” regions of the country, it took the form of sedentarizing nomads along with collectivization. The completion of these processes, according to the authorities, was to solve not only the problems of modernization of the country, but also the problems associated with the presence of a “nomadic civilization” in the USSR, which was not controlled by the state and was unyielding to Sovietization.

This article discusses how in the period of «thaw» in the southern Urals in the Orenburg region and the Bashkiria the theme of the revolution of 1917 is risen in the cultural life. Through the analysis of the media a tendency of the Soviet government towards cinematic coverage of the events of the Great October is revealed. It is established that the appeal to these events in the 50s–60s of the last century were not accidental – a new society needed a «hero of the time».

In this article an attempt to review the Soviet fiction of the first half of the 20th century to reveal how the role of the commander M. B. Barclay de Tolly is estimated there at the epoch of the Twelfth year is made. As a result of the analysis of literary works of that time it is possible to state that views of the Soviet writers synchronously reflect all the aspects of the Soviet historiography: from semirecognition of qualities of a military leader Barclay and his merits in rescuing army (and objectively the country) to groundless defamation.

The article considers the process of introduction of the Institute of provincial prison inspection in the Ryazan province based on archival materials. The reasons and conditions of its establishment are shown. Some information about personal qualities and professional activities of the Ryazan province prison inspectors is given. The main directions and results of their work on the organization of staff structure of inspection, interaction with regional detention facilities, development of prisoners’ work and improvement of personnel are highlighted.

The article deals with the Soviet policy towards the former tsarist concessions in Iran in 1921-27. Despite the renunciation of the former tsarist concessions in Iran, the Soviet leadership de facto tried to control the disposal of the strategically most important of them: either through legal instruments or by force. The analysis of the existing sources on the problem demonstrates that at the heart of the policy there were the strategic interests of the Soviet state.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the prerequisites, the main mechanisms, the results and the consequences of the Soviet anti-tank defense actions during the Malgobek defensive operation in 1942. The article indicates that the widespread use of tank and motorized formations in the direction of the main strike during the Malgobek defensive operation put the need for the speediest possible effective organization of anti-tank defense on the agenda.

The article analyzes the specifics of interethnic relations in Russia after the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s. The process of institutionalization of the national policy of the Russian Federation is investigated. The main directions of reforming the «Asymmetric Federation» are considered. The question of formation of the civil nation «the Russian people» is studied.

The article considers the source research problems of studying the development of the Southern Middle Volga by the largest central monasteries in Russia. It is concluded that despite the loss of the sources stored in the order of the Kazan Palace, the revealed archival materials make it possible to reconstruct the features of the formation of a large commercial and industrial-agricultural complex. Its production capabilities played an important role in the economic development of Russia in the second half of the XVII century.

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the military history of one of the oldest regiments of the strelets garrison of Moscow, the establishment of which in 1550 marked the beginning of the history of the strelets army. The reconstruction was based on the latest archival data, to some extent, compensating for irretrievably lost documents from the archive of the Streletsky prikaz. The presented material is a historical background, allowing to reveal the little-studied issues of the organization of the strelets service in the XVII century.