Отечественная история

The article is devoted to the analysis of the prerequisites, the main mechanisms, the results and the consequences of the Soviet anti-tank defense actions during the Malgobek defensive operation in 1942. The article indicates that the widespread use of tank and motorized formations in the direction of the main strike during the Malgobek defensive operation put the need for the speediest possible effective organization of anti-tank defense on the agenda.

The article analyzes the specifics of interethnic relations in Russia after the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s. The process of institutionalization of the national policy of the Russian Federation is investigated. The main directions of reforming the «Asymmetric Federation» are considered. The question of formation of the civil nation «the Russian people» is studied.

The article considers the source research problems of studying the development of the Southern Middle Volga by the largest central monasteries in Russia. It is concluded that despite the loss of the sources stored in the order of the Kazan Palace, the revealed archival materials make it possible to reconstruct the features of the formation of a large commercial and industrial-agricultural complex. Its production capabilities played an important role in the economic development of Russia in the second half of the XVII century.

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the military history of one of the oldest regiments of the strelets garrison of Moscow, the establishment of which in 1550 marked the beginning of the history of the strelets army. The reconstruction was based on the latest archival data, to some extent, compensating for irretrievably lost documents from the archive of the Streletsky prikaz. The presented material is a historical background, allowing to reveal the little-studied issues of the organization of the strelets service in the XVII century.

The article examines Russian participation in such institutionalized form of prisoner of war exchange as cartels. The author reveals a complex and contradictory mechanism for the formulation and implementation of the cartel; analyzes its advantages and disadvantages in the context of domestic and, in part, foreign experience; comes to the conclusion that under certain circumstances the cartel can be used in the course of modern armed conflicts of both international and domestic character.

Our article is based on eye-witness accounts and archive documents and depicts history of capture of banners of the 2nd (Dutch) chevauleger-lancer regiment of the Imperial Guard during the second period of Russian campaign in 1812. On the one hand, the author uses these trophies samples to recreate collective portrait of the regiment of the Imperial Guard. On the other hand, the author reconstructs the banner of a staff-trumpeter. As a result of this research we can specify the appearance of one of the main emblems of power of the 1st Empire in this regiment. 

The author explores the problems of labor use of Soviet Germans during the Great Patriotic War. During the last months of 1941 – the whole 1942. Soviet Germans, men aged 15–55 and women aged 16–45 were mobilized through military commissariats into the labor detachments, which later received the general name «Labor Army». The peculiarity of these formations was that, carrying out a variety of production activities, they were of military organization, and the camp regime of detention, that is, Soviet Germans in the detachments practically had the status of prisoners.

The article is devoted to the role of the imperial court in the «personnel reserve» formation for high governmental and military posts during the reign period of Catherine the Great. Comparative study of courtier’s and Page Corps graduates career development was held for this research by the means of two specially created prosopographical databases. The obtained results give us an opportunity to evaluate the impact of a court rank granting on the nobles career development and on receiving an appointment to the important governmental and military posts.

The article is devoted to F. N. Glinka’s archaeological and ethnographic interests and research related to his interest in Russian history, his position as an educator, and his desire to be useful to society. The author focuses on Glinka’s local history journey of 1810–1811, his scientific and educational activities as Chairman of the Free society of admirers of Russian literature, folklore and ethnographic studies during the Petrozavodsk exile, archaeological research on the territory of Tver Karelia, and their poetic and scientific interpretation.

The work is dedicated to the life and work of Olga Aleksandrovna Shleisner – the daughter of a retired officer, landowner of the Oryol province, who became a member of one of the populist circles, and then the wife of M. A. Nathanson. She played a very important role in the formation of the first populist organizations, while she spent most of her life under police supervision and in custody. To compile her biography, documentary materials of the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Justice were used.