Отечественная история

The article considers the first initiatives of the Russian Empress Catherine the Great in question of Censorship. The article gives an account of the state controlling of book printing, book delivery and book banning in the second half of 18th century. The great interest is the analysis of the public opinion in question of Catherine’s censorship reforms.

The article analyzes the organization of the work of special medical institutions (special hospitals) for seriously ill and wounded prisoners of war in the Soviet Union in 1945–1950. Changes in their number, location and functioning in the post-war period are traced. The results of the work of special hospitals, the annual positive dynamics in the results of treatment of patients due to the improvement in the provision of medical personnel, treatment and diagnostic rooms, the supply of medicines and patient care items are shown.

The article examines the role of railway transport in the repatriation of Soviet citizens at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War and after its end, the main directions of organizational work of the Office of the Commissioner of the USSR Council of People’s Commissars for the Repatriation of Soviet Citizens, its representatives abroad, Military Councils of Fronts and armies, NKPS, local authorities and the Administration for the return of Soviet citizens by rail.

The article considers the influence of the University Statute of 1884 on the organization of everyday learning at Kazan University in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The Statute of 1884 and additional acts to it required university teachers to coordinate with the Ministry of Public Education all issues related to the educational process, up to the distribution of classrooms.

The article reconstructs the history of the campaign of the Ryazan Razryad Regiment (Discharge Corps) in the North-Eastern Azov Sea area – the most poorly studied operation of the Russian-Turkish War of 1686–1699 based on the archival material. The specific dates of the campaign, the number and composition of the troops participating in it, their exact route is determined. The goals of the military expedition were to protect the region and build a port and a fortress on the northern coast of the Azov Sea.

The article deals with such aspects ofmilitary everyday life ofthe 50th and 51sttank brigades duringthe Great Patriotic War as problems of nutrition, clothing allowance, sanitary and hygienic conditions and housing. The source base of the study was the documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals, as well as memories of veterans. The conclusion about the importance of solving these issues in a comfortable, as far as possible, arrangement of life for tank soldiers is formulated.

The article examines the mechanism of political repression against believers by the example of the case of the Moscow neocircular Old Believer clergy. The central figure of the article is the deacon of the Old Believers prayer Ivan Afanasievich Vlasov as a characteristic type of clergyman of the 1930s, a peasant by origin, who was arrested during collectivization, but did not change his faith.

The article clarifiesthe gold andforeign exchange capabilities ofthe Soviet state, analyzesthe process offormation and use bythe Soviet government of gold-platinum funds of the state budget. On the basis of archival material, the state of the gold reserve, sources of replenishment, and the expenditure of foreign exchange resources are analyzed. The ways of accumulation and export of precious metals from the country, creation of public finances and maneuvering with the available resource are revealed.

This article presents the results of a study that made it possible to specify not only little-known facts from the history of Professor K. A. Koperzhinsky’s family but also those social and historical circumstances that led to the appearance of the clichéd formulation “my father was first a teacher, then he became a priest” in the autobiographical questionnaires of the post-revolutionary period.