Отечественная история

In article separate private experience of clearing of the peasants, taking place on the eve of 1861 in A.V. Golovnin, A.D. Bludova and K.D. Kavrlin’s manors are considered. Research shows similarity of perception initiators of reforms of reaction from outside peasants. In article comes to light, how stereotypes about country passivity, to irrationality and backwardness interfered with dialogue of landowners-reformers with peasants.

The article deals with the Citizen edited by Prince V.P. Meshchersky. Having carefully analysed it the author comes to conclusion that during the period after reformation the conservatives including the sovereign power and the provincial landlords were equally interested in the existence of such a reactionary concervative edition as the «Citizen» that was expressing views of a certain part of the Russian society. All the time it was edited the magazine pleaded for the necessity of the autocratic and class system.

The activity of the G.M. Lowitz and P.B. Inokhodtsev’s scientific expedition of the 1769–1774 is analyzed in the article. The article gives the review of the preserved expedition’s materials that are of interest as the sources on the history of the Low Volga Region.

The article contains a historiographical analysis of the role of collective farming in agriculture 1950–2000 years. Relying on the works of local historians, using a wide of source material, the author seeks to highlight the ambiguity and contradictions of collective farming of the period.

Formation of a totalitarian mode has begun with reconsideration and new treatment of Marxist doctrines. Their strong introduction in an everyday life of the inhabitant was carried out by all-round propagation. Besides propagation, often giving out wished for valid, it was used and for acknowledgement of successes reached by the country in the development. As one of indicators of power and country prosperity the architecture was used, new style of the Soviet architecture was more precisely developed.

The article studies the topical question of the masonry movement history in Russia at the beginning of the 20^th century. If particularly focuses on the activity of the political masonry, which participants were the heads of the leading parliamentary (The State Duma) parties. The author castigates the theory of “the Masonic plot” and makes the conclusion of the inevitable defeat of the Russian “free masons” in their pursuit for power. 

The article attempts to define the role and impact of GE Rasputin on domestic and foreign policies of the last Russian emperor. Emphasis is placed on the study materials of Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry of Provisional Government, engaged «survey of the dark forces». The author concludes that the result of political and criminal adventures of Rasputin at the royal court was to discredit the royal family and the destruction of the sacredness of the Russian monarchy.

The problem of the political structure of Russia took one of the most important places in the views of prince E. Ukhtomskiy. He held the conservative views, but often criticized the various aspects of the Russian society. On the one hand, this caused discontent among the more conservative groups, but on the other hand, this position brought him together with liberal activists.

The author of this article points out a complicated relations between the Imperor Alexander III and the functioners of «The New Russian School». There are examined Alexander’s nationalist preferences in painting and music and his policy toward the fine arts in Russia. The article demonstrate some similarities in concepts of «Russian» and «National» between the Imperor and the members of «Russian Five» and explane the reasons of their failed alliance.

In the center of attention of the article author is the magazine “Zion Bulletin” that was issued in 1806–1817 by disciple of Novicov’s coterie, the founder of freemason’s lodge and the vice-president of the Imperial Academy of Arts A. F. Labzin. Multivariate analysis of the magazine articles allows to produce it’s religious-philosophical concept and to discover some peculiarities of world outlook of an Alexandrovsky time person.