Izvestiya of Saratov University.
ISSN 1819-4907 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1913 (Online)


Всеобщая история и международные отношения

A friend among foes, a foe among friends: Ascari, Amedeo Guillet and the formation of Eritrean identity in the context of Italian colonialism in the late nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries

The article draws attention to the extraordinary, by African standards, respect in Eritrea for the soldiers of the Italian colonial troops, the Ascari, and even for some of their Italian officers, such as Amedeo Guillet. The author reveals the reason for this respect, which was not present in another former Italian colony Libya.

«The Peninsular War»: The Anglo-French confrontation in the Pyrenees during the Second Hundred Years’ War (1689–1815)

The article shows the Anglo-French confrontation on the Iberian Peninsula as an important stage of the Second Hundred years’ War. The example of remote action of the British expeditionary force demonstrates the «English style» of war: the operation of army troops with the active support of the Royal Navy. The author comes to the conclusion that the Pyrenean wars of the beginning of the XIX century have a certain significance in the system of Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.

The initial stage of ideological formation of Puritanism in the course of Reformation in England

The article deals with the origin of ideological prerequisites of Puritanism as a trend in the Church of England which appeared in the course of Reformation. The author traces penetration of Reformation ideas to England from European continent before the beginning of King’s Reformation by Henry VIII (1509–1547) in 1534 and shows the beginnings of English religious emigration on the Continent from 1520s which was formed by Englishmen who were adherents of continental Reformed churches.

Thomas Munzer in the Bohemia

The article deals with one of the pages of the life and activity of the leader of the popular wing of the German reformation, Thomas Munzer – and his trip to Prague. The reasons for Munzer’s arrival in the Bohemia, the nature of the German reformer’s activities in Prague, and the historical consequences of his activities are revealed.

Local fief system in Scalovia in 1280–1370

The article is devoted to the condition of lieges from Scalovia in the State of Teutonic Order, who possessed land estates of 2–6 hakens and were obliged to keep military service and built fortifications. Among representatives of this group, whose possessions were located mainly near the rivers Memel and Jura, there was accumulation of property and fragmentation of land estates. By stabilizing landholding, the Order could receive regular growing in number of lieges, that testified to successful incorporation of Scalovians in the new social system.

nternational participation in the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in 1990–2020

The article analyzes the mediation activities of international organizations in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from 1992 to 2020. The positions of the OSCE, the United States, Russia, as well as Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh regarding the plans for a peaceful settlement of the conflict are examined. The key role of the Russian Federation as a major regional factor in the reconciliation of the warring parties and the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh problem is considered.

The «Marshall Plan for Asia»: Genesis and collapse (1953–1955)

The article is devoted to studying the process of theoretical development and practical implementation of the plan for integrating the region of South and Southeast Asia into the U. S. strategy for restoring world trade, which is called the «Marshall plan for Asia» or AFAP. The Eisenhower administration’s desire to use the Cold War context to secure funding for the program from the U. S. Congress is emphasized.

Chords of the «Cold War»: Music as a resource for representing the «image of the other» in Anglo-American cinema

The article is devoted to the study of the role of music and sound effects in the Anglo-American cinematograph. An attempt is made to assess the political and symbolic potential of media resources for representing the «image of another». To this end, the author examines a number of specific films created at different stages of the Cold War.

The birth of American press: Historical experience and development problems

The article reviews the origin of American press as an essential idea in genesis of the state power. The author demonstrates a strong correlation between domestic policy and evolutionary changes in local press, also analyzes the key events in chronicle order: printing the first paper “Publick Occurrences”, the Trial of Zenger, consequences of the Stamp Act and the acting of “Sons of Liberty”.

How the Russian-British commercial treaty of 1734 was prepared (based on the materials of diplomatic correspondence)

Based on the analysis of diplomatic correspondence of British ambassador in Russia at the court of Empress Anna Ioannovna highlights the process of preparation for the conclusion of the Russian-British commercial treaty in 1734. In foreign and Russian historiography, the treaty was actively discussed, but the plot related to its preparatory stage was poorly covered, or not touched at all.

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