The article is devoted to the analysis of modern processes of interregional cooperation in the Far East in the context of regionalization. The analysis was based on Russian-Chinese interregional interaction. Based on the theory of new regionalism, the contemporary role of regions in the 21st century was determined. The Russian foreign policy strategy “Turn to the East”, outlined in 2014, has established new prospects for interaction between Russian and Chinese regions in the Far East. An analysis of the work of Russian and Chinese scientists, plans, programs for maintaining Russian-Chinese cooperation, annual reports of departments, committees for international cooperation under the administrations of the Russian regions allows us to highlight the general trade, economic, economic, socio-cultural and scientific-technical problems of interregional cooperation. The main ones include: spontaneity and randomness of interaction between the regions of Russia and China in the last decade of the twentieth century; mutual trust in Russian-Chinese interregional relations; imbalances in the development of transport and logistics infrastructure of the Northeast of China and the Far East of Russia; problems of sectoral complementarity of the border regions of Russia and China.