Всеобщая история и международные отношения

This paper explores the events of the PRC’s modernization of the 1970-80s, the driving force of which was the Chinese energy sector. For better understanding of the unfolding changes the research provides a comparative analysis of the Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping political systems with its key difference lying in the established process of governmental decentralization in the energy sector. The study focuses on the reform of the coal and oil industries.

The article is devoted to the issue of the directions of the "coin propaganda" in the Late Roman Republic and the estimation of its effectiveness. The author concludes that the images and legends of the coins changed in accordance with any turns of the Roman Republic leaders’ policy. This means that the coins served not only financial, but also certain ideological purposes.

The article dwells upon the relations between the early Arsacids and the Greek and Iranian population of Parthyene and Hyrcania. It is noted that during the rule of Arsaces I and his immediate successors their power in this region was a kind of military occupation. It is concluded that it was only during Phraates I and Mithridates I  reign that the conflict with the local population was settled, and the conditions for rapid growth of the power of the Parthian state were provided.

The article deals with the activity of the first English ambassadors in Istanbul. The mission of London’s diplomatic representatives in the Ottoman Empire, at the peak of its prosperity, is described by the author in close connection with the regional interests of the English Levant Company.

В статье исследуется вопрос о направлениях пропаганды противников Гая Юлия Цезаря. Автор приходит к выводу, что сенатской оппозиции, лишенной возможности реально направлять политику Рима, удалось объединиться и выдвинуть политический лозунг восстановления государственного строя, освященного обычаями предков. Однако пропаганда заговорщиков затронула только верхние слои общества и оказалась бессильной повредить имидж Цезаря в общественном мнении.

В статье изучается влияние иранского посредничества в Карабахском конфликте на ирано-азербайджанские отношения. Анализируя мотивы Ирана, побудившие его принять на себя посреднические функции, и его непосредственные действия, автор отвечает на вопрос, каков оказался вклад Тегерана в урегулирование карабахского конфликта, и как это сказалось на ирано-азербайджанских отношениях. Особое внимание уделяется роли Армении в рассматриваемых событиях. 

The author of this article studies the images of the Russian Empire in periodicals «The Edinburgh Review» in the period from 1802 to 1812. Particular attention is paid to the space-climatic, Potestarian images and stereotypes of foreigners about Russian society.

Горное дело в средневековой Чехии – важная страница истории этой страны. Хроника Петра Житавского дает историку возможность выявить черты неповторимости рождения одного из крупнейших горных городов средневековой Чехии.

The author of the article analyzes the activities of the major Bohemian book printers of the XVI century – educated and well-rounded people of their time, who acted as translators and even authors of the works they published. Particular attention is paid to the issues related to the production repertoire and the personal contribution of each book printer to the Czech culture of the XVI century

The article studies the role of foreign architects in the creation of national style of the Ottoman and Republican Turkey. Foreign masters founded the process of searching the visualization of national identity and Turkish school of architectural education, but these alien experiments were used in Turkey only at the stage of proper styles development. The foreigners’ work was under governmental ideological control, and since the middle of the XX century national specialists were preferred and they competed with the European architectural bureau.