Региональная история и краеведение

Главное внимание в работе уделено изучению архивных и иных документальных источников, связанных с направлениями и спецификой реализации столыпинской аграрной реформы в Саратовской губернии. Анализ источников позволил изучить совокупность объективных факторов, а также экономических, социальных, этнических, демографических и иных особенностей развития саратовской деревни накануне аграрной реформы начала XX в.

The article discusses the problem of religious freedom, followers of religious sects of Baptists, and Adventists Stundists in the legislation of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century - the early 20th century. The article focuses on the analysis of the legal provisions of these religious movements. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the legalization of religious organizations of Protestant direction, the followers of these sects continued to limit rights. They were extremely oppressed by the government during the World War I.

Saratov province was one of more than 30 provinces in Russia, where since 1915 – early 1916 till 1923 there have been thousands of refugees from Belarus. Materials of the state archives of Saratov region helped to get a clear understanding about the scope, peculiarities and terms of assistance to refugees. Special attention is drawn to relationships between the local population and forced migrants.

The article considers some unknown pages of the history of left bank Saratov in 1650–1674. Special attention is paid to using the direct road along the land from Saratov to Moscow to deliver different goods and for other purposes. A list of foreign visitors that ventured to go this way from Saratov to Moscow is presented for the first time. The role of constructing Simbirsk fort and the grounds of building Penza for this land route are emphasized. The interest of Board of secret affairs and the Tsar Aleksey Mihailovich himself is shown.

The condition of forest Fund of the Saratov province in the years of new economic policy on the basis of archival materials is investigated in the article. Some data on the area of the woods of the province and degree of cover of the population with forest materials are provided. The article examines the fight against fires and pests of the forest. The problem of illegal cuts has been studied in detail. The reasons that caused massive forest theft by the local population are analyzed.

In the article the activity of health care institutions in the sphere of specialized types of medical assistance in relation to rural labor resources is analyzed. The problems and contradictions associated with the implementation of measures taken by the state and party leadership in this direction are identified.

One of the less widespread variants of peasant households were single households. The economic, legal and cultural norms of the traditional agrarian society contradicted the emergence of structures of this type. However, they were constantly present in different regions of the country in different time periods. The aim of the work is to study peasant single households of the Saratov province of the late XIX century. In this connection the primary materials of the zemstvo household censuses of the 1880–1890s will be investigated.

The author analyzes a short Saratov period of the course of life of a well-known German social democrat Ernst Reuter. According to the directive of the RSFSR Council of Peoples Commissars Chairman V. I. Lenin and Peoples Commissar on Nationalities J. V Stalin a German war prisoner and communist Ernst Reuter was sent to Saratov Volga Region in April 1918 where he became the leader of the Volga Region Commissariat on the Germans.

The article, based on the archival materials, reveals previously unknown facts about the former landowners’ manors of Saratov and Tsaritsyn provinces in 1917–1924. The Soviet government’s policy, in which the lands of the former landowners were transformed into the Soviet model farms – sovkhozes is analyzed. The true state of these agrarian structures is shown, as well as reduction of acreage and livestock population is noted.

On the basis of new archive documents the question of social security of the population in Dagestan in the first time of Soviet government is considered. The social security system in the beginning of its work experienced problems related to the scope of the workers. One of the features of development of social security in 1930s was its excessive state participation or paternalization. The budget of the social security was consolidated into the state budget. Insurance of people engaged in farmer’s sector has a big political importance.