England

This article examines one version of national self-identification against the background of the “Other”. In 1758, Horace Walpole published the notes of the English ambassador Charles Whitworth on his stay in Russia from 1704 to 1710 at his publishing house, Strawberry Hill. The publisher included his comments in the “Introduction,” placed immediately before the text. The “Introduction” contains an extensive panegyric on Whitworth as a model representative of English diplomacy. At the same time, very little is said about the content of the text written by Whitworth.

Based on the original sources, the article considers the life and activities of Patrick Gordon, a Scottish officer who served in the Russian Tsarist army in the second half of the 17th century. While Gordon’s biography has been extensively studied by historians, his “secret” activities have not beenthe subject of scholarly research.

The article is devoted to the problem of searching for “places of memory”, variants of national self-identity in the English culture of the Enlightenment era. It is shown that the long-term Anglo-French political rivalry prevented the use of the experience of continental neighbors in art, and the long-standing tradition of the historical genre, representing timeless eternal ethical values, has almost exhausted itself.

The article examines the place of aliens in the economy and society of 14th-century London. Based on a wide range of sources and research literature, the author identifies the main groups of foreign trading partners of the English capital and the attitude of municipal society towards them, traces the history of the City’s struggle to maintain its privileges in relations with aliens in the 14th century, and characterizes the changes in the economic situation against the backdrop of the developing confrontation.

The article examines the pedagogical activity of the English writer and teacher of the turn of the XVIII–XIX centuries Hannah More. It is shown that she not only wrote about the need to provide girls with the opportunity to receive education, but also organized schools and women’s creative circles for them, popularized charitable activities among English women. The main attention is paid to the difficulties that H. More had to overcome in this field.

The article examines the data of the final reports of the Venetian ambassadors on English cities. The information of the Venetian ambassadors about the cities of England, unfortunately, is brief. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that they basically boil down to pointing out that London is the main city of the country, that other cities of England are simply listed by the Venetian ambassadors, that the testimonies of the Venetians, albeit indirectly, help to recreate the perception of the cities of the English kingdom by the Venetians.

Research is devoted the Russian conservative and the statesman. Pobedonoscev created the political concept of necessity of a monarchy in Russia. Its original doctrine about power and society interaction интеесно as an example of conservative thought. Proved historical necessity of the strong power for Russia as in Russian society there are no traditions of independence of the people. His conclusions are paradoxical and represent the big interest.

Based on the materials of the memoirs of the participants of the events and the business correspondence of the embassy with the British government, the image of the Spanish people in the representations of the British ambassador to Spain – Samuel Hoare, who held the post from 1940 to 1944, is considered. The Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 led to a crisis in many spheres of society. The author comes to the conclusion that the conflict within the state has led to a deep cultural split in Spanish society.

The article examines one of the facets of the industrial revolution process associated with shifts in the social structure of society and changes in behavioral practices. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the views of the writer, philanthropist and teacher H. Morе. In her writings, H. More tried to contribute to strengthening social stability in society by educating “true ladies”, on the one hand, and educating obedient poor, on the other hand. 

The article examines the conditions of the coming to power of the English Queen Mary Tudor and the peculiarities of her reign, including from the point of view of gender aspects. It is shown that, while condemning Mary I Tudor for her adherence to Catholicism, many historians do not mention the positive aspects of her short reign of England. Mary Tudor came to power at a difficult time for the Kingdom. Having no experience of governing the country, Maria brought the statesmen who had recently opposed her closer to her.