автономия

The article examines the changes in the national composition of Saratov province in the first half of the 1920s based on the materials of the All-Russian Census of 1920, the All-Union Urban Census of 1923 and the first All-Union Population Census of 1926. The factors influencing the evolution of the national structure of the region are being studied. The conclusion is made about the formation in the main features of the ethnic map of the Saratov region.

The article examines the constitutional policy of the Soviet state in relation to the autonomous republic of Volga Germans that existed in 1924–1941 as part of the RSFSR, shows this policy as an integral part of the general national-state policy towards national minorities, to whom the Bolshevik government was granted a certain form of statehood. The characteristic of the two constitutions of the Non–Republic of 1926 and 1937 is given – as octroated, i.e. granted from above and therefore contained as much independence as allowed by the center.

The article considers some aspects of national-state building in the North Caucasus region in 30-s years of the XX century. The author emphasizes that at this stage of the Nations to the full extent become a subject in the policy of the bureaucratic state.

The role of the national movements of the deported peoples in the process of the USSR dissolution is investigated in the article. The programmes of the national movements and its main purpose - creation of independent national states - are analysed in the article. It is made a conclusion that the national movements' leaders position in the setting of the weakened center and the republican national elites strengthening has become disastrous for the integrated state.

В статье исследуется процесс планового переселения колхозных хозяйств из Украинской ССР и ряда российских регионов в новые районы Саратовской области, образованные после депортации
немецкого населения. Анализируется соотношение различных категорий населения, вынужденно перемещенных на постдепортационную территорию. Делается вывод о том, что ядром, вокруг которого формировалось будущее население значительной части Саратовской области, стали переселенцы-колхозники.

В статье исследуется процесс планового переселения колхозных хозяйств из России и Украины в Крымскую область в 1944–1953 гг. Анализу подвергнуты противоречивый процесс заселения постдепортационных территорий, причины массового обратного выезда переселенцев. Делается вывод о решающей роли российских колхозников в эволюции национальной структуры Крыма.