история Польши

The article is devoted to the presentation in contemporary Polish historiography Jozef Pilsudski, as the organizer of the May 1926 coup d'etat in Poland, the leader of the sanacja camp and creator of the sanacja regime, as well as the characteristics of the sanacja camp. In this article are presented the opinions of the Polish authors in the latest studies on those problems and the main trends of contemporary Polish history science.

Article is devoted to policy ideas that were base for cooperation and confrontation between political forces in Poland during the sanacja regime (1926–1939). Identified ideas that could sat-licking certain political forces or lead to their rivalry.

В статье анализируются две точки зрения на вопрос о первой столице Польши. Аргументам классической теории, основывающейся на признании древнего города Гнезно первой столицей, противопоставляется идея о столичном статусе другого города – Познани. Автор признает значимую роль обоих городов в судьбе Великой Польши в раннее Средневековье, а также делает предположение о том, что первоначально статус столицы не был закреплен за определенным городом.

The article analyzes the position of the cities of Greater Poland till the middle of XII century. The author notes the specificity and the complexity in the study of this period. According to the author, the fate of the Archbishop’s Department played the significant role in the development of the Greater Poland cities. The article shows the development of the cities of Greater Poland since their decline in the middle of the XI century till the gradual revival in the XII century.

The article analyzes the process of rivalry between two largest cities in Greater Poland, Gniezno and Poznan in the XIII century. During the Middle Ages both cities were the key centers of development of the Greater Poland region. Until the XIII century, there are some reasons to talk about the leading position of Gniezno. However, as a result of a number of factors that paradoxically contributed to the strengthening of Gniezno, in the XIII century Poznan comes to the fore.