Россия

The article examines the activities of the American Relief Administration (ARA), a US charitable organization in Russia, during the mass famine of 1921–1923, and shows its specific role in eliminating hunger in the Saratov Volga region. 300 employees who came from America and about 10,000 Soviet citizens were involved in providing assistance. The humanitarian mission helped starving children and the sick with food, clothing, and meditsines, primarily in the most famine-stricken provinces of the Volga region.

The article is devoted to the rivalry between France and Russia in North Africa in the 2010s, when the spread of the Arab Spring in the region distorted the existing political landscape. France’s policy in North Africa, as well as Russia’s interests and objectives in the region are considered. The author notes the changing political and economic ties between the North African states and global actors in the context of the increasing frequency of crises in the global energy sphere and the gradual deterioration of the political situation between the EU and Russia. 

The article examines the foundations of bilateral relations between Moldova and Romania since the collapse of the USSR. The author analyzes the phenomenon of Moldovan unionism and its influence on the foreign policy of Chisinau in the Romanian direction. Individual stages of Moldovan-Romanian relations are highlighted in the context of regular transformations of the internal political situation in Moldova.

The article examines the formation and activities of the British intelligence officer S. Hoare in Russia. His memories as a witness of the last days of the Russian Empire are very useful for researchers. Relations with representatives of the Russian liberal opposition allowed S. Hoare to gather important information about the Russian economy. The author concludes that Samuel Hoare significantly influenced Russia’s strengthening of the continental blockade.

The article is devoted to the history of formation of medical microbiology in Tsarist Russia. Since 1885 the first enthusiasts of «germ theory» in Russia with supporting of science patrons began to develop it in Odessa and St. Petersburg. The particular international type of scientific culture, which was embodied in the activity of bacteriological laboratories, is formed, but it had the local peculiarities. The microorganisms’ investigations in Russia at the end of 1880s were far from the interests of physicians.

In the article the life of the Saratov University during the First World War (before 1917) is examined. The changes in the activity of professorial and students’ corporations connected with the war’s tasks are analyzed. The special emphasis is made on indices of growth and development of this higher school.

The article is devoted to the study of the role and place of Harvard Institute for International Development in the Russian reforms during 1990s and peculiarities of the Institute’s functioning within Harvard University. Besides, the influence of the institute leading persons on the development of the American aid program to Russia and the circumstances of the institute’s liquidation are also studied.

The article analyzes the role and place of Great Britain in the preparation of the military conflict in Ukraine, as well as the formation of the terrorist concept of warfare led by the Ukrainian army and special services. Both direct and indirect participation of British military structures in combat actions against the Russian armed forces in 2022 is examined. The article outlines the supplies of weapons and military equipment to Ukraine by the UK, the forms and directions of training of the Ukrainian “proxy army” by British military instructors.

The article examines the dynamics of Moldova’s participation in the CIS in the context of the internal political struggle in the republic. The author analyzes the process of a country joining the organization and highlights problematic aspects of this process. The influence of international actors on the formation of the foreign policy course of Chisinau between Russia and the EU is considered.