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The article examines the place of aliens in the economy and society of 14th-century London. Based on a wide range of sources and research literature, the author identifies the main groups of foreign trading partners of the English capital and the attitude of municipal society towards them, traces the history of the City’s struggle to maintain its privileges in relations with aliens in the 14th century, and characterizes the changes in the economic situation against the backdrop of the developing confrontation.

The main stages of formation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization are identified and dealt with. The role of world powers in the region is defined. The interaction of the SCO member states in cultural and humanitarian spheres is considered. Forms of cooperation of the Republic of Tajikistan and China in the field of culture are reflected. 

В статье анализируется феномен возникновения террористической угрозы в современной Швеции, причины ее долгого игнорирования со стороны государства и общества, рассматриваются государственные подходы к проведению антитеррористической политики на национальном и наднациональном уровнях.