This article studies the usage of a pentagram in the monetary of the Golden Horde in XIII–XIV centuries. The role of a pentagram in the sacral and everyday spheres of life of the Golden Horde is studied in this article too.
It is not for the first century that the study of numismatics of ancient Bosporus is continued. The result has been the description of many kinds of coins of this coinage. In their classification, scientists paid attention to both the image and the legend, including those ciphered in monograms. The subject of this study was the ligatures from anonymous obols of Bosporus coinage. The fact is that neither they nor their similarities have been deciphered yet. However, in these notations, the names Padr and Itro were recognized.
