правительство

The publication is devoted to the features of zemstvo liberalism in the provinces at the beginning of the 20th century, when the Saratov Zemstvo with its liberal program was at the head of the Russian zemstvo liberal movement. The article examines the discussions that arose around the discussion of the decisions of the St.

The results of the work of the first Russian cooperative congresses, their composition and size are investigated. The decisions of the congresses, which determined the direction of development of agricultural, credit, consumer, industrial, creamery and processing cooperatives, are analyzed for many years to come. Special attention in the article is paid to the reaction of the authorities to their organization and to identifying the reasons for participation in political parties in cooperative congresses.