Африка

The article is devoted to the rivalry between France and Russia in North Africa in the 2010s, when the spread of the Arab Spring in the region distorted the existing political landscape. France’s policy in North Africa, as well as Russia’s interests and objectives in the region are considered. The author notes the changing political and economic ties between the North African states and global actors in the context of the increasing frequency of crises in the global energy sphere and the gradual deterioration of the political situation between the EU and Russia. 

The article estimates the macroeconomic and microeconomic consequences of migration from Africa to Spain, as well as its impact on the labor market. It includes data on the impact of migration on GDP growth, inflation, wages, and employment of the indigenous population. It concludes that immigration has a positive impact on the using of resources and an overall increasing the economic efficiency.