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The author of this article study a teaching of middle ages history in the Saratov University. This article consider a merit of saratov's historians in the investigation of German history in the middle age. The author use in his work a publish material and his personal remembrances, because he was in contact with everybody of historians-germanists in Saratov University.

В статье рассматривается характерный для позднесредневековой Англии процесс становления юридически признанной городской корпорации через получение грамоты об инкорпорации. Монастырские города в силу своих обстоятельств (небольшого размера, влияния сеньора и др.) во многом запаздывали в восприятии новых тенденций, тем более в вопросах самоуправления (автономии). Тем не менее роспуск монастырей дал им возможность кардинально изменить свое положение.

The article reveals the nature and features of the relationship between the Livonian Order and the Archbishops of Riga during the Livonian Reformation, in 1521–1558, and reveals their attitude towards the spread of Lutheranism, the influence of the reformation processes on the political life of Livonia. It also examines the legal, political and ideological reasons and prerequisites of the Livonian Master Wolter von Plettenberg historical choice.

The article deals with the origin of ideological prerequisites of Puritanism as a trend in the Church of England which appeared in the course of Reformation. The author traces penetration of Reformation ideas to England from European continent before the beginning of King’s Reformation by Henry VIII (1509–1547) in 1534 and shows the beginnings of English religious emigration on the Continent from 1520s which was formed by Englishmen who were adherents of continental Reformed churches.