средневековый город

The article discusses the interaction of the two most important institutions of medieval society – the town and monastery in the Bohemia of X–XIII centuries, the peculiarities of this interaction during a specified period. Particular attention is paid to the XIII century, during which the Czech society, including the city and the Church, underwent significant changes, and the political, legal and socioeconomic system of the Bohemia approached the Western European model of medieval development.

The article examines the place and role of women in the social life of London in the 14th–15th centuries based on the material of the original sources. It is shown that, despite the restrictions fixed by custom and laws on the social activity of women, the range of occupations of the townsmen –wives and widows – was unusually wide. It is craft and trade, including the right to take apprentices, real estate transactions, and financial deals. Women did not just help men in the craft or trade shops, but also worked independently.