бюджет

The article clarifiesthe gold andforeign exchange capabilities ofthe Soviet state, analyzesthe process offormation and use bythe Soviet government of gold-platinum funds of the state budget. On the basis of archival material, the state of the gold reserve, sources of replenishment, and the expenditure of foreign exchange resources are analyzed. The ways of accumulation and export of precious metals from the country, creation of public finances and maneuvering with the available resource are revealed.

В статье рассматривается политика советского государства по совершенствованию системы начисления заработной платы работников промышленности и их семейные бюджеты. На основе данных периодической печати, статистических материалов и архивных документов автор исследует доходную и расходную части семейных бюджетов, анализирует уровень жизни трудящихся Саратова в 1920-1930-е гг. 

The article presents a characteristic of the most important sphere in financial activity of the Saratov Zemstvo – fiscal policy. In particular, it analyses the tax system of zemstvo self-government bodies in the Saratov province, the forms of zemstvo dues, and objects of taxation. Special emphasis is laid on a study of growth trends in the budget revenue, and a simultaneous increase in tax arrears, which significantly reduced the efficiency of the zemstvo work.

The article presents the characteristics of the most important part of the financial policy of the zemstvo self-government bodies in Saratov province - administration of the expenditure budget. Particular attention is paid to the types of expenses aimed at fulfilling the compulsory and optional duties of the zemstvo. An important place in the publication is occupied by the problem of budget deficit and credit policy of zemstvo institutions in 1866-1917.