Izvestiya of Saratov University.
ISSN 1819-4907 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1913 (Online)


политическое масонство

The Last Masons of the Russian Empire

The article studies the topical question of the masonry movement history in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. If particularly focuses on the activity of the political masonry, which participants were the heads of the leading parliamentary (The State Duma) parties. The author castigates the theory of “the Masonic plot” and makes the conclusion of the inevitable defeat of the Russian “free masons” in their pursuit for power. 

Masonry movement in Germany of the 18th century

The article studies the topical question of the masonry movement history in Germany of the 18th century. If particularly focuses on the activity of the political masonry