калмыки

The article examines for the first time the service of Fyodor Ivanovich Leontyev, a stolnik, as the voivode of Saratov in 1662–1664. It provides a description of the internal life of the city, the occupations of its residents, and the names of Russian and foreign ambassadors who visited Saratov. The article also highlights the significance of the founding of Penza for the residents of Saratov. Additionally, it discusses Leontyev’s subsequent assignments after his service in Saratov, including his role in suppressing the rebellion led by Stepan Razin in 1670.

The article presents for the first time the biography of the Saratov voivode Ivan Ivanovich Kosagov, the father of the famous General Grigory Kosagov. I. I. Kosagov began his service at the court of Tsar Mikhail Romanov in 1620 at the age of 17, and before that he served with the patriarch for several years, like many of his ancestors. Becoming a Moscow nobleman in 1631, he received his first appointmenttothe voivodeship in Yuriev-Polsky,thenmainly served onthe southern borders. It is said about his regimental service in Mtsensk, Lomov, Tula.

It is now believed that the name «Kalmyks» was concerned with Oyrats who came to the territory of Kazakhstan in the early 17th century. Russian and Western European documents write about Kalmaks since the fifteenth century. New data show that in Russia they knew about Kalmaks from personal contacts with them. The name “Kalmak” existed and was often used in Russia in the XVI century. West European travellers and geographers Jenkinson (1558), A.Vid (1537), S. Gerbersteen (1526), M. Mekhovskiy (1521), Fra-Mauro (1459), A. Contarini (1475) etc.