In article there are considered quantitative and qualitative changes in the structure of the population of the Saratov Volga region in 1941–1945 years. They were caused by the migration processes (military and labor mobilization, deportation of Germans, evacuation, resettlement), and factors of natural movement.
The article describes the factors that influenced the level of life and material position of Saratov region urban and rural population in the military conditions of 1941-1945. The problems of receiving incomes from different sources, taxation, the system of state and individual food and primary necessities supply are considered.
