The article analyzes the demographic transition in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China in the context of global patterns and national specifics. Based on statistical data and scientific research, the key stages and features of this process in a region with a high proportion of ethnic minorities are considered. The paper examines a set of factors that determined this specificity: demographic changes, accelerated socioeconomic progress, and the evolution of national demographic policy. The study concludes that the current trends are ambivalent.
