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This article is the analysis of the views of German philosopher IA Fessler on the French Revolution. The author analyzes the assessments which Fessler gives to the goals of the revolution, the actions of the revolutionary parliaments, and to the role of the masses. On the example of Fessler, the attitude of conservative German-speaking intellectual elite to the French political experience is examined.

The role of the national movements of the deported peoples in the process of the USSR dissolution is investigated in the article. The programmes of the national movements and its main purpose - creation of independent national states - are analysed in the article. It is made a conclusion that the national movements' leaders position in the setting of the weakened center and the republican national elites strengthening has become disastrous for the integrated state.

Common features and peculiarities in different industries in the region during the crisis, changes in the territorial allocation and sectoral industries in Dagestan from the 1990s to 2010 are shown. As it is stressed in the article, despite serious unresolved problems the authorities of the republic (during the analyzed period) with active material and other support from the federal center, carried out purposeful work to overcome difficulties and unresolved problems in industries and ensure their sustainable development.