The main directions and characteristics of the Soviet State national-linguistic policy in the second half of 1940s - the middle of the 1980s are analyzed in the article. The conclusion about the priority development of the Russian language and its' role in the formation and shaping of the Soviet nation as a qualitively new historical community is made. The specificity of the interaction between the Russian language and the languages of the USSR peoples in the post-war period is studied.
