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The review is devoted to the first large-scale publication of sources on the culture of the Samara province during the First World War. The book was prepared by the staff of the Samara Regional Universal Scientific Library, among whom experienced historians which included experienced historians and was assisted by specialists from other cultural institutions. It meets modern criteria for the selection and publication of documentary materials. A contribution has been made to the study of the cultural life in a difficult era.

The article considers the activities of the authorities of the republic on the creation of scientific institutions in the region in the 20s of the twentieth century by using diverse factual material. In conclusion, the author comes to a reasonable conclusion that in the period under review, the first research institutes and laboratories began to function in the region, despite significant difficulties.