agricultural policy

The main object of the article is the socio-economic situation in Russia in the end of 19th century. The measures of the central and local administration, applied in the Russian village, have been analyzed within this research. The author resumes that the reforms of the authorities had made the position of the peasantry more complicated.

The article, based on the archival materials, reveals previously unknown facts about the former landowners’ manors of Saratov and Tsaritsyn provinces in 1917–1924. The Soviet government’s policy, in which the lands of the former landowners were transformed into the Soviet model farms – sovkhozes is analyzed. The true state of these agrarian structures is shown, as well as reduction of acreage and livestock population is noted.