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In clause evolution of a network of rural settlements of the Saratov area for the historical period between censuses 1959 and 1979 is analyzed. The author marks, that the tendencies of development of the system of rural moving of the Saratov area per 1950–1970 were reduction of number of small rural settlements: first of all farms and villages, integration of settlements, growth of number of villages and settlements. Finally these processes rendered essential influence on an agrarian policy in which there was a support by the state of large settlements on village. 

The article is devoted to the interaction of the peasantry of Central Russia and the government during the First World War (1914–1918). The military period was favorable for the Russian village in its struggle for the country’s land fund. The war, bringing forth inevitable hardships and difficulties, did not, however, damage the Russian agriculture severely. Using different ways of putting pressure on the government, by the February of 1917 the peasantry was ready for the implementation of their hopes, especially in the form of the «Black Partition ».

Based on the analysis of the statistics on the alteration of the administrativeterritorial division of Saratov region, the historical process of municipalities enlargement and the change of number of rural and urban settlements is being examined and compared. The examination of rural resettlement is relevant in connection with the reorganization of the system of local government in the Russian Federation.