reforms

In the article deals with socio-political views of one of brightest representatives of the French Enlightenment era, the historian of Russia P.-Sh. Leveque. The great interest is the analysis of the views by Leveque on the most urgent problems of state and public arrangement of Russia of the XVIIIth century: the reign of Peter I and Catherine II. In considering the topic judgments of the French historian with the ideals of the one of the leading philosophers of the Enlightenment era, D. Diderot were compared.

The article examines the process of press censorship establishment in the environment of reforms that encompassed all spheres of life of the society in the first quarter of 18th century.

The article is devoted to the study of the role played by wellknown economist Jaffrey Sachs in the process of realization of the Russian reforms that was carried out under control of the American administration during the nineties (XX c.). Besides, Sachs’ economic views and his interpretation of the Russian reforms failure are also analyzed.

The article considers the initiatives of the Russian Emperor Alexander I and his Unofficial Committee in question of Censorship Reform. The article gives an account of the the community influence in question organization of the Censorial Statute of 1804. 

The article represents the scientific analysis of the newspapers articles, published in the beginning of 20th centuries. The results of the analysis prove the idea that no radical social changes took place in Russian and the main development paradigms development have not yet been changed for more then 100 years. The absence of changes produces the atmosphere of pessimism in society irrespective of the sources of information.

The article analyzes the process of reforming of the country's agriculture at the end of XX century on the basis of regulatory documents, statistics and periodicals. We study the order of the reorganization of collective and state farms, creation of conditions for the formation of peasant (farmer), joint stock companies, co-operative farms.. The conclusion is that the agrarian policy of the state is not drawn on the experience of doing the farm. The reforms were not prepared and carried out in a short time by incompetent people.

The article shows how the works of the historian L. M. Artamonova from Samara reveals the impact changes in the field of public education and culture of provincial Russia in the XVIII-XXth centuries on the example of educational institutions in the cities and villages at Central Volga. «The look from the province» allows to see in a new light results of educational reforms in respect of the all-Russian modernization. Teachers played an important role in formation of the local intellectuals, not only in education, but also in scientific studying of the native land.